The Green Revolution In Asia Essays - Rockefeller Foundation

The Green Revolution in Asia World Issues May 27, 1996 Table of Contents Topic Page The Problem ................................................3 The Solution................................................3 Background to The Green Revolution .........................3 Positives of The Green Revolution ..........................3 Problems With The Green Revolution .........................4 The Green Revolution in Asia ...............................5 Rice .......................................................5 Rice Pests and Solutions....................................5 China.......................................................6 Viet Nam Reclamation Projects ..............................8 India.......................................................9 Other Facts ................................................9 Conclusion..................................................10 Map of China................................................11 Map of India ...............................................12 Figure #1: The Rice Plant...................................13 Figure #2: A Field in the Philippines ......................14 Figure #3: Deepwater Rice in Thailand ......................15 Figure P0: Effects of Hoppers ..............................16 Figure P1: Habitat of Brown Hopper .........................17 Figure P2: Wolf Spider......................................18 Figure P3: Black Bug .......................................19 Figure #4: Irrigated Rice Harvesting .......................20 Chart #1: Rice Production...................................21 Chart #2: Fertilizer Use in 1993 ...........................22 Bibliography ...............................................23 The Problem: With the high and rapidly growing population of Asia, many people go hungry. How can the world support these people?; and, how can these people feed themselves? What cost will this have on the environment? What is being done to help these people. The Solution: The Green Revolution is a solution that has been at work since the 1960's. It has been developing new and better ways at producing food. Background to the Green Revolution: The Green Revolution Started in the 1960's by the government of the United States. The Green Revolution was started to make wheat more adaptable to different environments. The grain was genetically engineered to grow with a shorter stock (to stop damage from wind) and the ability to grow faster so colder climates could be sure that the crop was fully grown by the cold season. Warmer climates could take advantage of these faster growing varieties by having more than one or two harvests a season. The developing countries produced a lot of waste through their cultivation techniques. They used high amounts of labor that produced waste so the developed world had machinery that they sent to the underdeveloped to stop the waste. The production of new wheat varieties has led to the green revolution spreading to Asia and the production of new rice varieties. Positives of the Green Revolution: Since the Green Revolution has started there have been nearly 5000 new crop strains developed. Seeds for crops such as wheat, rice, corn, and cotton have been upgraded four to six times. Farmers have saw a 50 to 130 percent rise in yield. Wheat production is about 50 times that during the 1950's. The population of the world is rising rapidly and this may be the only way for the earth to feed ourselves. Problems With the Green Revolution: Problems that have occurred are that the people that need the machinery cannot afford to buy clothes let alone pay for huge machines that have to be shipped in from developed countries and the shipping must be paid for. Even if the farmers could afford the machinery, they would have to be taught how to use it properly. Finding fuel, and the money to buy the fuel, in the middle of Africa, for instance, is impossible. The developed world produced the new wheat and rice varieties. To genetically engineer a new strain of food, a company or government must pay scientists (including agronomists, geneticists, biologists, chemists, nuclear scientists, space-flight scientists), fund experiments, laboratory space, and materials (to just name a few). The costs are very high so the developing world would need to pay a fair price for these new varieties. The money that the countries need to pay for the seeds and machinery is borrowed from other countries. This borrowing does not help the developing countries but puts them, in most cases, into a deeper financial crisis. The environment also pays the price for the revolution. The new plant varieties use a lot of minerals from the ground and the soil that they grow in is being abused. The soil loses much of its minerals so a way had to be found to replace them. Fertilizers, natural and chemical, have to be used in high quantities to produce the special varieties. The chemicals seep down into the groundwater and pollute the water to the point that it is no longer potable. Many rivers and lakes such as the Huang He River (refer to map of China) and the Ganges River (refer to map of India) have seen the effects of this problem in the late 1960's when fish and waterfowl began dying unexpectedly. Another problem with the Green Revolution was that the new varieties, or modern cultivars, had started to make the original varieties that farmers had used for hundreds of years disappear. The amount of different types of seeds started to rapidly disappear. The modern cultivars have a major flaw. The flaw

functions of political parties essays

functions of political parties essays It is my understanding that the Libertarian, Neo Liberal, the compassionate Conservative and the Progressive share one thing in common even though it may see that way. All seek the means to find a "Just Society" in which this nation can benefit economically and socially. The view point of the Libertarian on W2, would use the argument of it is not fare for those whom had to work hard for what they have. Why should somebody who is able to work should be given another chance to better themselves. Not only did my taxes try to help you, but you didn't even take advantage of it. The underclass that did not take in to full consideration of what was being given to them. They shouldn't be given help, its their problem that they are where they are and why should I pay for their mistakes? The means of making yourself a better citizen and working force are there. If I worked hard why cant you? The view point of the Libertarian is strong in saying you must take action for your responsibility as a working citizen that is able to fend for themselves. And it is not the governments role to help you live your life. Instead helping the underclass it making matters worse not only is government making people believe that government is there to pay for your mistakes, especially when its my hard earned money on the line. In order to really help the underclass is by giving the power to non profit organizations, churches, community centers where people really are affected, not in some building that will make you think, " Oh I can afford to quit my job, because I know that I get that welfare check and the food stamps." The final thought from the Liberal is that it doesn't see that governments role is to make life easier. The Neo-Liberal, " We must talk about such things as efficiency and effectiveness is we ever want to achieve social justice". The question the N.L. would raise is why haven't these people better themselves? it is our responsibili...

Psychoanalytical reading of D.H. Lawrence's The Rocking-Horse Winner Essay

Psychoanalytical reading of D.H. Lawrence's The Rocking-Horse Winner - Essay Example oundly polemical writer with radical views, who regarded sex, the primitive subconscious, and nature as cures to what he considered the evils of modern industrialized society.† (Quoted in oldpoetry.com). Lawrence believed in creating such work that could describe the true picture of motivation behind human actions and reactions. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† is the example of his most refined works of art and it interprets the depth human mind perceives. The story is about a young boy named Paul, who is concerned to guard his house from the cruel clutches of unluckiness and consequent whispering coming out of it constantly. The boy, in the story, lives with his parents and two younger sisters in a well-off family and a gorgeous house. All the three children feel the presence of an unseen whispering repeatedly, in the whole environment of the dwelling, that â€Å"there should be more money†. â€Å"The children could hear it at Christmas†, the writer states, â€Å"when the expensive and splendid toys filled the nursery.   Behind the shining modern rocking-horse, behind the smart dolls-house, a voice would start whispering:   There must be more money!  Ã‚   There must be more money!† (Lawrence, 1926:2). Paul, being the eldest and the most sensitive, strives to acquire information from his mother regarding the problem of money shortage and its solution. On coming to know about the fact that his father is an unlucky person, and cannot earn a lot, he assures his mother that he is a lucky one. Thus, he seems determined to search for luck and fortune in life to prove himself as fortu nate. Here, Lawrence skillfully articulates the ideas floating in a child’s mind and his quest to make efforts for the uplift of his family within his available resources. In order to obtain luck, the small hero starts riding his tiny wooden rocking toy horse taking it the real one. Paul whips the horse and drove it in an extremely high speed to reach the place where luck dwells. As the

Contemporary Utopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary Utopia - Essay Example Grube and Reeve (328b) in their description of Plato’s Republic, propose other utopia related ideologies such as abiding peace, strict government structure and high levels social equality. The community under investigation for utopian ideas, in this case, is Los Angeles based Ashram West. Ashram West’s utopian ideologies can be discerned from a wide array of elements, ranging from the community’s name to its practices. For instance, if directly interpreted, the word ashram means a place of religious retreat. Further, Ashram West seeks to provide refuge for gay-identified individuals, offer enlightenment services to the community and bolster spirituality of diverse people. Evidently, this gay spiritual residential area entwines religious, philosophical, administrative and sociological utopian ideologies as discussed further hereunder. Ashram West was conceived in the year 1997 by an individual known as William, and later incorporated as a nonprofit organization (NPO) in the state of California. The establishment is currently situated in the Silver Lake area of Los Angeles, and occupies a large apartment with one bedroom. The organization is affiliated to the Southern California Vedanta Society, thus explaining its religious connections to Hinduism and Buddhism linked Tantra teachings. Further, Ashram West is legally sanctioned as a religious establishment, meaning that the community affiliates uphold its religious teachings. The community does not hold any form of prejudice against people from varying races, countries of origin, sexuality and social status, among other distinguishing elements. In regard to membership, Ashram West is always open for new affiliates. Other aspects of interest within this community include mode of leadership or government and social practices. In consideration of leadership and decis ion making, members select an individual to lead them on the basis of

The Concept of the Augmented Product to A&F Essay

The Concept of the Augmented Product to A&F - Essay Example A&F would have a hard time adjusting to this type of external competitive threat because it would be increasingly difficult to make A&F appear viable to a virtual marketplace who has shifted away from the organic in favor of the technological. They must be adaptable and continue to understand the trends of their current demographic. Their design is all synonymous with youth and beauty and lifestyle attitudes. From their flagship mural to their in-store displays, everything is done to elicit this sensation in-store. It appears they’ve positioned their brand well, but on a more adaptable positioning map, I would suggest that A&F be prepared to shift a little more to the right and a little more to the left when necessary in order to draw in a different demographic (with only minor adjustments to the brand) when sales volumes decline. I think all brands have pressures and stresses. A&F faces the real possibility that they could be outperformed by up-and-comers if they don’t consider contingency plans for their current marketing efforts. Though short-term they are finding considerable profitability through their new expansion efforts, they must realize (and it appears they do) that they must be flexible. They have obviously invested a lot of funds into new technologies which improve both their in-store operations and their international merchandising campaigns. This means they are growing and meeting the demand of a global marketplace. So, an initial assessment it would seem that A&F is doing very well in this area. From Porter’s Five Forces viewpoint, they don’t currently face a great deal of rivalry, as nobody has been able to establish a brand identity as strong as A&F in this type of fashion marketing arena. Many of the barriers to entry have been completed and changed by the efforts of other  retailers who have spread into European nations. A&F obviously maintains the capital necessary to expand if they wanted a more rapid market entry across Europe, so they seem reasonably secure in being more aggressive.  

Primark Performance Management,

Primark Performance Management, Executive Summary: Company Introduction: Primark is a leading retail group in the value sector and operates a total of 187 stores in UK, Ireland (Penneys brand), Holland, Spain and Germany. Primark employs in excess of 27,500 people. In GB, in terms of market share, TNS ranks Primark as GBs second largest clothing retailer by volume and Verdict Research now places Primark as the leading retailer in value clothing. Primark was voted Best Value High Street Fashion by GMTV and ITV viewers. Strategic Aims and Objectives of Primark: Primark is mainly focuses on young people, those are less than 35 year offering them a superior quality and fashion trends at the value of their money. A strong consumer proposition has been developed for the Primark brand and embodied in the line Look Good, Pay Lesswhich communicates Primarks value-based offering in a precise manner, to its core target audience. Primark is offering to one of the high quality merchandise to their customers, at value for money, is supported by service promised by Primark. Its a mission of Primark staff and management to supply quality and class clothing and merchandize at the worth professed. Super competitive prices (the result of innovative technology, supply and volume buying, efficient distribution) Mainstream market product quality, clear focus on the target market, superior store fit, and high street locations. Primark is a high street retailer which has a family of brands and focuses much more on buying, logistics and supply chain managementrather than branding. 1. Set the performance targets of teams to meet strategic objectives. 1.1 Access the link between team performance and strategic objectives. Performance Management: Performance management is an integrated approach enabling managers to set targets, measure and review performance and re-define goals, giving a clear indication whether the activities undertaken by individuals and the organisation are achieving the organisations key objectives. â€Å"Management is a process of directing and supporting employees to work as effectively and efficiently as possible in line with the needs of the organisation.† (Walters) Performance management will look different in different places, but effective organisations share some common characteristics. These are: real-time, regular and robust performance data can-do culture inspired by strong leadership agreed lines of individual accountability clear performance management review, combining challenge and support transparent set of performance rewards and sanctions Effective performance management requires: Aims, objectives, priorities and targets Improvement, action or service plans Performance measures Performance reporting These plans and actions fit within a framework that we summarise as plan, do, review, revise. Through this framework, learning can be harnessed in a continuous cycle of improvement. 1.2 Evaluate tools and techniques available to set team performance targets. â€Å"When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it.† (Kelvin) Some are the following techniques and tools used for setting the team performance targets. Six Sigma Just in Time (JIT) Kanban Kaizen Six Sigma Six Sigma is a method to achieve near perfect quality. Any service or element of production can be focused by six sigma analysis and has a strong emphasis on statistical analysis in design, manufacturing and customer-oriented activities. The UK Department for Trade and Industry (2005) Just in Time (JIT) To grasp the concept JIT is very simple for example for my journey to college I could have left the house just in time to catch the train. JIT can also be defined as producing the necessary units, with the required quality, in the necessary quantities, at the last safe moment. It means that company can manage with their own resources and allocate them very easily. Kanban Kanban system is Japanese concept. Simply described a â€Å"pull† production or manufacturing   system that controls the flow of work through a factory by only releasing materials into production according to customer demands i.e. only when they are needed. Within the production field, the Kanban process is the most significant of these services. Kaizen Kaizen is also Japanese management method of incremental change. This philosophy assumes that every aspect of our lives needs to be improved. The key elements of Kaizen are: Effort Quality Communication Willingness to change Involvement of all employees 1.3 Access the value of team performance tools to measure future team performance. Primark focus on supply chain management concept in their business to deliver their merchandize to their stores from warehouses in right time, right quantity and right location. Right now for Primark Just in time (JIT) concept works with full swing their one of the most strong business strategy that is Supply chain management of their products. They believe that JIT concept can provides the company huge and diverse benefits. JIT has helped a lot in the following way. Reduced set up times in warehouse the company in this case can focuses on other processes that might need improvement. Improved flows of goods in/through/out warehouse, employees will be able to process goods faster. Employees who possess multi-skills are utilized more efficiently. The company can use workers in situations when they are needed, when there is a shortage of workers and a high demand for a particular product. Better consistency of scheduling and consistency of employee work hours. This can save the company money by not having to pay workers for a job not completed or could have them focus on other jobs around the warehouse that would not necessarily be done on a normal day. Increased emphasis on supplier relationships having a trusting supplier relationship is important for the company because it is possible to rely on goods being there when they are needed. Supplies continue around the clock keeping workers productive and businesses focused on turnover employees will work hard to meet the company goals. 2. Be able to agree team performance targets to contribute to meeting strategic objectives. 2.1 Analyse how to determine the required performance targets within teams against current performance. Performance criteria what so ever the aims and objective of the organisation it should be falling in SMART criteria. S-Specific M-Measureable A-Achievable R-Realistic T-Time bound In order to ensure what you aims and objectives have set by the management either they are realistic achievable and measureable against the required level of objectives and company strategies. Company should having a system on different hierarchical levels to access. Discussion of hierarchy and their responsibilities. Employee Responsibilities Manager Responsibilities Dedication and struggle for the achievement of company goals and objectives. Documentation of the work Ongoing requests for feedback and training Observations and step for improvement at work Communication with seniors, supervisor and managers Get the feedback Insurance of quality of work and professionalism Using of resource at right time and right place Collecting and sharing performance data and analysis Reinforcement and backup Preparing for performance reviews and promotions Provide essential training Strategic objectives and performance measurement systems Reviewing the performance of an organisation is also an important step when formulating the direction of the strategic activities. The main reasons are: Ensure that customer requirements have been met To give standards for establishing comparisons To be able to set sensible objectives and comply with them To highlight quality problems and determine areas for priority attention To provide feedback for driving the improvement effort Primark core strategic objectives and performance indicators Strategic core objectives Performance indicators Focusing on logistic, supply chain management of the goods rather than branding. Primark is a family of brands, they have more than 20 brands name in their stores. This clearly indicates that they are focusing on continuing supply of their good in the store. Focusing on labour laws for their suppliers in different part of the world. They have implemented the ethical trading initiative rules and regulation in the suppliers factories to ensure the labours laws caring and obligations. Maintaining financial suitability To maintain a healthy profit margin they always buy in bulk, whenever you buy in bulk your production cost goes down. Always giving and focusing good quality product to their customers in cheap prices. Mostly people ask how Primark keep low their prices. Primark is focusing on following five things. 1. They do not go for big advertisement. 2. They are buying in bulk. 3. They are just producing most popular sizes. 4. Designs are simple not much complicated. 5.They do not third part interaction in the business. Primark distinguish the blow of environment on its business. Release to air, let go to water, and land filling of solid wastes. Expansion of business in Europe. They are opening 2 new stores in Germany and Belgium. In future they are planning to open store in France. 2.2 Discuss the need to encourage individual commitment to team performance in achievement of organisational objectives. Concept of team: Mullins (2007) â€Å"Team occur when a number of people have a common goal and recognize that their personal success is dependent on the success of others. They are an interdependent.† Motivation: The following definitions of motivation were gleaned from a variety of psychology textbooks and reflect the general consensus that motivation is an internal state or condition that activates behaviour and gives it direction desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behaviour influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behaviour (Kleinginna and Kleinginna, 1981) Primark is basically a retail company, in case of it every employee or team member is depended the work of other team members. For example a task is given by the night manager to ensure the availability of new lines in the department till 7 AM. To complete this task supervisor need 6 staff members but he is having only 4 members, 2 are on sick leave. In this case all the remaining for people has to do some extra effort for the completion of task. Team needs to be motivated to put more energy in achieving their targets. This motivation can be done by fulfilling the needs of the employees so that they get more devoted to the goals or targets. This can be done by giving bonuses i.e. cash, promotion or any other facilities for their social needs. 2.3 Relate the application of delegation, mentoring and coaching to the achievement of organisational objectives. Delegation: The process of entrusting somebody else with the appropriate responsibility and authority for the accomplishment of a particular activity. Delegation involves briefing somebody else to perform a task for which the delegator holds individual responsibility, but which need not be executed by him or her. (BNET Business Dictionary) Primark is growing company having a good number of managers they should need to much more focus on their strategic way of decision making and delegate to fulfilment of their operational and statistical responsibilities. This will help them to open the new way of decision making, project and task sharing. This will reflect the positive and effective way for employees and workers they will start building the trust; the delegation should make the objective clear. Training and guidance should be given. It should also be reviewed and monitored but too much control will not fulfil the idea of delegation. Monitoring and coaching: Actually monitoring an coaching is the way to support those who are in learning and trying process and want to learn and try to achieve something for the prospectus of the organisational goals and objectives. It really plays an important role for the achievement of the common objectives, who are in learning stage. Learners employees get a chance to explore their views and ideas and then they take guidance from experienced and skilled staff or people. This will help them learn the skills and attributes which may help them achieve the Primark goals. 2.4 Evaluate a team performance plan to meet organisational objectives. Thus far, the nature of management has been examined primarily from the point of view of the individual manager. It has been shown how management as the board responsibility for a work process, together with the management functions of planning, allocating, motivating, co-ordination and controlling work are separated from the execution of work itself and dispersed through different managerial positions. Analysis of the common features and variations in managerial work showed that much of what managers do reflects their responsibility for planning, allocating, motivating, co-ordinating and controlling the work of others and the inherently problematic nature of this responsibility. An Initial Performance Plan is a detailed plan for either an individual or a team and is used to: Identify the desired performance levels Identify how these performance levels will be achieved Provide guidance and direction Measure progress towards the desired performance levels Individual and team Performance Plans should align with the organisations overall objectives. This can be achieved by aligning the: Performance Plans with the Team Operational Plan Team Operational Plan with the Team Purpose Team Purpose with the organisations Strategic Plan 3. Monitor actions and activities defined to improve team performance 3.1 Access the process for monitoring team performance and initiate changes where necessary. Monitoring Team Performance: Monitoring the team is one of the most critical aspects of performance management.   This involves not only managing internal staff but also managing any customer personnel and subcontractors assigned to the project team.   Key aspects of effective people management include: Delegating responsibility for work assignments and witnessing the commitment of each team member. Building co-operative working relationships and ensuring effective communications among all members of the project team. Monitoring team morale and taking action to correct problem areas. Providing effective performance review and appraisal to motivate staff and facilitate career development. The processes for monitoring are: Set Up Standards and Procedures for Team Performance Assign Responsibilities Meet with Team Recognize Success Monitor Team Morale Conduct Team Performance and Reviews In Primark high level management and managers are responsible for monitoring of the performance of teams and employees. The main and basic idea includes fro monitoring to ensure that: All the assigned responsibilities are being full filled as per required goals, To identify the opportunities and chance for improvement in the work, To make out the progress against the goals, Evaluate the progress against the internal and external standards. Feedback and reviews: Harry Levinson (1996) The greater the emphasis on measurement and quantification, the more likely the subtle, non-measureable elements of the task will be sacrificed. Quality of performance frequently, therefore, loses out to quantification. Feedback is a message which tells the team how it is performing. Feedback is essential for a team to improve its performance. If the team doesnt get feedback, it has no objective measure to guide it. The managers of Primark are responsible for seeking of feedback from their employees and customers. It is very important to know what the company is delivering in term of their objectives and goals are satisfying in real means to the people or not. The employee feedback should be in the form of asking them whether they are satisfied with the current policies of the company, the environment of work, facilities they are being given by the company and are they being over burdened of the work. Performance evaluation: McKinseys 7-S model is a helpful framework for exploring why a performance deviation might have occurred. The model starts on the premise that an organization is not just Structure, but consists of seven elements: Strategy Plans for the allocation of a firms scarce resources, over time, to reach identified goals. Environment, competition, customers. Structure The way the organizations units relate to each other: centralized, functional divisions (top-down); decentralized (the trend in larger organizations); matrix, network, holding, etc. Systems The procedures, processes and routines that characterize how important work is to be done: financial systems; hiring, promotion and performance appraisal systems; information systems. Skills Distinctive capabilities of personnel or of the organization as a whole. Staff Numbers and types of personnel within the organization. Style Cultural style of the organization and how key managers behave in achieving the organizations goals. Shared Value The interconnecting centre of McKinseys model is: Shared Values. What the organization stands for and what it believes in. Central beliefs and attitudes. 3.2 Evaluate a team performance against agreed objectives of the plan. Assessing the performance can be done by taking the feedback and comparing it with the planned targets. Amending or changing it according to the need. Inform the team their areas of responsibilities and where focus or change is needed. Motivating them and keeping record of all the documents. At Primark there is group of manager who are responsible for the evaluation of team. What they do? Access the daily based achieved targets against the given tasks. Monitor the individual participation for the purpose of promotions. Get feedback from new employees and their contribution in doing job. Do analysis of required documentation related to work and their presentation. Access the planning of job and alignment for achievement of goals. Judge the interest and commitment of employees for doing the job. Monitor the allocated resources for particular task are they enough or not. Do give the awards and appraisals for the motivation and dedication of employees. 3.3 Evaluate the impact of the team performance in contributing to meeting strategic objectives. Team performances in contributing the strategic objectives have a great impact by doing this team performance can enhance. Team performance measures can be set: The objectives and targets for the teams Customer satisfaction targets Commitment with the company and objectives Skill and expertise levels for the teams Primark management is keeping proper record and control of the overall objective of the company whether they are being achieved by team or not. Are the customers being satisfied by the service provided by the companys employees? Are the staff members doing their responsibilities as a team member i.e. achieving targets, following company policy, time punctuality and absenteeism etc., and the level of skill for doing job. If any of these things is not being achieved then positive steps should be taken in order to achieve the company objective and maintain the standards and policies. Use of Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Defined Measurable/quantifiable Aligned with goals Can be used as a benchmark Reasons for Variance: Lack of training work and motivation Insufficient resources at work place Socio Political environment Unexpected working circumstances Bad KPIs It is the liability of the management of Primarkto execute and bring any needs compulsory for the better performance and achieving of company goals. Have to check is there any lack of training or motivation, reasons should be sought and proper and required training should be given to the staff. Proper resources to be arranged for the like providing proper uniform and working tools and stuff. Working environment should be examined on periodic basis to avoid any misshape related to health and safety, any strikes or resignation of the workers. If the Key performance indicators are not as per requirement they should be replaced and should introduce reworking realistic and achievable standards. 4. Apply influencing and persuading skills, to the dynamics and politics of personal interactions. 4.1 Determine influencing and persuading methodologies to gain the commitment of individuals to a course of action. Influence is defined here as the attempt to modify others behaviour through the mobilization of or reference to power resources. Leaders are the people who have influence with power having clear focus on the company objectives; they can motivate the employees and can change or modified the company strategies accordingly. There is no single method of influencing or persuading everyone. Working climate: There are two types of climate sunny stormy.   Sunnyteam climate mean people are allowed to take initiatives and understand their contribution to do good performance. People know their abilities, skill, and motivation of team members are recognized. There is a clear direction and good communication. Workload is distributed evenly. Physical work environment is conducive to good performance. Stormyteam climate mean people are not allowed to take initiative and they do not understand their contribution to do good performance. People have little understanding of their role. There are conflicting goals and mixed messages. Work is spread unevenly amongst the team. Physical environment prevents good performance. Improvement factor: Climate in team can be improved by Create a shared vision Improve the physical environment changes Use ideas from the team to make improvements Consider peoples skills, abilities and aspirations Influence and Power: Deploying power to influence others behavior is only rarely an obvious, straightforward, visible process: influence mat take a variety of different forms. First, power resources may used to influence behavior either positively, in the sense of providing the resources to the benefit of the recipient, or negatively, in the sense of withdrawing or withholding the resources to the cost of the recipient. There should be a balance between the power and influence taking the example of Primark if the managers of the Primark are having power and authority but no influence to the employees and supervisors than this can be the lost of the company and resources to achieve the strategic objectives of the company. Motivational Value System: Elias Porter, everyone has a basic desire to feel good about themselves, but we achieve that in different ways. Philanthropic person is motivated and most rewarded by helping others. An analytical person will find reward in carful analysis of a problem and minimizing risks. People feel empowered when they are able to express their natural style. Individual impacts on others: Understanding the individual impacts on the others; get feedback from colleagues. A questionnaire is used that is called 360 °. 360 ° Feedback The idea of 360-degree feedback is that the performance of an individual is rated by people who are related to the individuals work. This could include reports, peers, managers, customers or clients, colleagues etc. 360-degree feedback gives the employee of the veterinary practice insight into how peers and other relations perceive him. It increases self awareness and position in the context. 360-degree feedback encourages self-development. It increases understanding of the behaviours required to improve personal and organisational effectiveness.   It increases communication within the veterinary practice. Its a powerful trigger for change.

Paleontological Audio Technology :: Geology Science Research

Paleontological Audio Technology In very recent years the advances in science and technology we have made have been incredible; from cloning sheep and human tissue to almost completing the human genome, the scientific community has taken great steps with the help of technology. One such area in this community is the study of geology. Computers aid geologists in determining the best places to drill for oil and natural gas, along with trying to determine mineral deposits and the compositions of rocks. Now, computers have the capacity to infer information from limited data collected in the field. Now, in the paleontological sense, we have the technology to simulate the sounds that prehistoric creatures might have produced so long ago. In August 1995 Thomas E. Williamson and his crew discovered a fossil that makes computer simulation of ancient dinosaur sounds possible. Since then, there has been increased excitement throughout the geologic community and with those infatuated with dinosaurs. Two years later on December 5th the ancient sounds of a long extinct dinosaur could be heard throughout the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Later this excitement spilled over into the entertainment industry when Steven Spielberg came out with â€Å"Jurassic Park III† which showed this experimentation. The fossil found was the most complete skull of a duck billed dinosaur called â€Å"Parasaurolophus† meaning the â€Å"trombone dinosaur†. The hollow crest atop the skull is what scientist believed produced a sort of mating call or warning sound. Before computer technology there were many different views offered as to what was the purpose, if any, of this large hollow crest. Some believed it could have been a way to shed heat like an internal radiator or aid in the recognizing of those in its own pack or even just to warn others away. Others were just not sure what to think. Paleontologists had noticed the passageways inside the crest but had no way of knowing how intricate these tubes and chambers were until computers were used to scan the insides of the crest and differentiate between what was actual fossil and what was clay and sandstone. Computer Scientist Carl Diegert used a CT Scan (Computer Tomography, i.e.; CAT Scan) and scanned the skull at intervals of 3mm to produce 350 cross sections.

Death theme In the play “Hamlet” by Shakespeare Essay

Death has always been the most debated subject regarding humans belief. It is part of life, yet a mystery nobody has experienced to tell. It is said to drive people’s actions, however Death is still a mystery as the whole human race still wonders how it acts on people’s lives and what is next after Death. In the play Hamlet, Shakespeare uses the theme of Death to drive the characters actions, and portrays the tragedy through their dialogues and significant symbols to create a tragic atmosphere. The first sign of Death is the appearance of King Hamlets ghost. The play is set only two months after his death, which is the lead for the events following in the play. He appeared at the platform before Elsinore castle as Horatio pictures, with that fair and warlike form (Shakespeare I.i.55-56 p1326). Even the apparel suggests a killing attitude. The Ghost, the symbol of Death, reveals the truth of him being murdered by his own brother to his son, Hamlet, and asks for revenge. Because of King Hamlets death, Claudius gets the throne and Gertrude betrays her late husband and remarries with Claudius. The murder and the betrayal, therefore, become the main grounds for Hamlets actions. The young Hamlet is given a valid reason to be mad and willing to accept the role of spreading death. The Ghost is the seed for killing, revenge, and death later on in the play (Boyce, Ghost). Another foreshadowing of Death in Act I is the line of Marcellus: Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (I.iv.99 p1342). The feeling this guard gets is from the scene of the ghost, along with the dreadful death of King Hamlet not long ago. It also foretells the outcome of the story. Death is presented mainly through characters dialogue. When Hamlet does not know yet the true reason of his fathers death, he thought about committing suicide. Deeply depressed about his mothers too early remarriage, Hamlet considers the opportunity to escape the â€Å"whips and scorns of time.† Here he thinks of Death as an escape; however, he has great fear of it. He explains his inability to end his life by questioning the moral of his actions:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd, by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep -No more – and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to†¦Ã‚  (III. i.l 65-71) He views suicide as a chance to escape his own depression, but he realizes that for in that sleep of death what dreams may come. The dreams of the sleep of death mean there may be a worse situation after the suicide. The Prince wonders how people bear to grunt and sweat under a weary life, as he discovers, it is because of their fear of Death:But that the dread of something after death,The undiscovered country from whose bournNo traveler returns, puzzles the willAnd makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. i.86-90)His statement describes the explanation of humans fear for death. It is an unknown mystery of the afterlife that prevents hamlet himself from committing suicide. Despite the fear of Death, his fathers demand for vengeance gradually changes hamlet into the weapon of Death. The massacre begins when Hamlet confirms Claudius is the real slayer of his father. Hamlet stabbed Polonius as he thought that was Claudius in the Queens room. For many reasons the death of Polonius is the most important death. Because Hamlet kills Polonius, he has blood in his hand and thus will be revenged. Therefore it is no surprise that Laertes, Polonius son, will soon kill Hamlet as they meet. Poloniuss death also offers Claudius an opportunity to get rid of Hamlet. Since Hamlet now knows the truth of Old Hamlets death, as long as he is nearby, Claudius is no longer safe. Claudius smartly uses this occasion to mask himself as a loving stepfather, and also to stage the death for Hamlet. Furthermore, Poloniuss death makes room for another death, Ophelias. Her death, in addition to Poloniuss death, makes heavier cause to Hamlets doom. When Polonius is alive, Ophelia is absolutely obedient and dependent on him â€Å"Ill teach you: think yourself a baby† (I.iii.110 p1338). It is possible to say that Hamlet indirectly kills Ophelia through slaying Polonius. With her suicide, Laertes her brother is given even more reason to kill Hamlet. In the chain of Death, the following one is Laertess. He is driven to face his fate by Claudiuss manipulation and Hamlets carelessness. Hearing the news of Poloniuss death and his sisters going mad leading to her suicide; he goes mad and thirsts for Hamlets blood. However, just how Hamlet avenges his fathers death with the price of his life, Laertes too will avenge his family in exchange with his youth in the grave. Death itself is also presented through Hamlet the protagonist character. Although at first he fears Death, slowly he becomes the sword of Death; and then he becomes a represent of Death after killing Polonius and then in the graveyard scene in Act IV (Boyce, Hamlet 1). Hamlet fully realizes that everyone’s fate is death, regardless of status or wealth. He also realizes that no matter what a person does in life, in death, that person is merely nothing Your worm is your only emperor for diet: we fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves for maggots: your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service, —two dishes, but to one table: thats the end (IV.iii.22-26 p1390). Or again in the graveyard, as he picks up the skull of Yorick his childhood friend, the dear yester: ; as thus: Alexander died, Alexander was/ Buried, Alexander returneth into dust; the dust is earth; of earth we/ make loam (V.i.168-169 p1410). Death transforms the human nature in Hamlet. Upon conversing with his dead father, Hamlet’s mind becomes occupied with the death-provoking demands of revenge from the Ghost. From a young man fearing for Death and still longing to live his youthful life, Hamlet becomes a murderer, accepting Death as inevitable and letting it control his life. Hamlet fascination with death grows and he no longer considers his actions, wanting only to complete his vengeance, and pays no heed to what other circumstances his actions may bring. Although he weeps bitterly when he hears of Ophelias death, he surrenders to the idea that death is only a part of life (Boyce, Hamlet 2). His journey to complete his revenge is meant to be a process of learning how to die (Quinn). Finally, as Claudius and Hamlet both fall, Denmarks throne is left without a heir. Death sweeping through Denmarks royal family, leaving the nation itself dead, as it falls into the hand of Fortinbras, a Norway prince. Hamlet is the drama of Death, of Revenge, of tragic conflicts between human beings. Our lives are driven by other forces, as Elizabethan works suggest, by Ghost and Death as symbol for supernatural forces on Earth. In Hamlet, Shakespeare discussed this through the death of Denmark royal family, and of the country itself after the revenge of the young prince for his father. Works Cited Boyce, Charles. â€Å"Ghost.† Critical Companion to William Shakespeare: A Literary Reference toHis Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Facts On File, Inc. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=1&iPin=ffazshak0819&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 24, 2009). Boyce, Charles. â€Å"Hamlet.† Critical Companion to William Shakespeare: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Facts On http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=1&iPin=ffazshak0910&/SingleRecord=True (accessed June 29, 2009). Boyce, Charles. â€Å"Hamlet.† Critical Companion to William Shakespeare: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Facts On http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=1&iPin=ffazshak0910&/SingleRecord=True (accessed June 29, 2009). Quinn, Edward. â€Å"death theme in literature.† A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms,Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=1&iPin=Gfflithem0196&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 29, 2009). Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Rpt. in Compact LiteratureReading Reacting Writing. By Kirszner and Mandell. 6th ed. Boston, MA: 2007.

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Low Molecular Weight Heparin Paper Low molecular weight heparin is typically used for patients who need to be treated for deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein usually in the legs. These clots are dangerous because they can break loose, travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block blood flow in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). There are many reasons why clots form in a patient.Mainly when a patient is inactive or bedridden for long periods of time, surgery can damage a blood vessel so a clot can form, or even cancer can cause DVT to form. Treatments for DVT are drugs called anticoagulants that can prevent the blood from clotting thus preventing the adverse effects from a clot. Low molecular weight heparin works by binding to a substance called antithrombin III (which is the major inhibitor of thrombin in the blood). The overall effect of heparin is that it turns off the coagulation pathway and prevents clots from forming.I t can be used as a subcutaneous injection which can be given in an outpatient setting with no increased risk of recurrent thromboembolism or bleeding complications. Since most patients with DVT require one or more diagnostic tests, treatment with intravenous heparin and a three to seven day hospital stay thus making low molecular weight heparin a better alternative. (aafp. org1999) However, with low molecular weight heparin, being a subcutaneous injection makes the process easier for the patient since they do not have to spend all that extra time in the hospital.The ultimate consequence of a blood clot can be stroke or heart attack so prevention of these events is the consequence of this drug. Unfortunately, just like many other drugs there are some serious side effects to taking LMWHs. They are contraindicated with patients with an indwelling epidural catheter; they can be given two hours after the epidural is removed. If it is given before the epidural is taken out then they have found it to be associated with epidural hematoma. Bleeding is the main concern when taking anticoagulation therapy.Some of the other common adverse effects to heparin are hematoma, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, and edema. There is a low chance for side effects with monitoring and patient awareness. When evaluating a patient on anticoagulants the nurse needs to ensure patients know the side effects to be aware of and arrange follow up care. Cranberry juice should be avoided since it can affect the INR results. Patients should seek emergency medical care for injuries, particularly a head injury, due to the hemorrhage risk.As a nurse you need to monitor your patient while on these drugs because of the bleeding factor. (nursingtimes. net2012) References Gee, Emma. (2011) How to look after a patient on anticoagulant therapy. January 22, 2011 Retreived from www. nursingnet. net on July 2012 Lilley, Rainforth Collins, Harrington, Snyder. (2011) Pharmacology and the Nursing Proce ss Copyright 2011 Mosby Inc. Rydberg, J Eric MD. (1999) Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Prevention and Treating DVT Retrieved from www. aafp. org

Ethics Of Cloning Essays - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology

Ethics Of Cloning Essays - Cloning, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Ethics Of Cloning Steve Stauff Grade: B+ Biochemistry in the Real World Ethics of cloning Most of us should know of the new scientific technology that has allowed us to clone mammals. First a sheep that was cloned in Scotland, and then a small monkey in Oregon. All this talk about cloning has forced people to think about other possibilities with this new breakthrough. Most people have come to think about the possibility of cloning humans. Which brings us to the point. Just thinking about that is a little scary. However scientists have proclaimed that within less than a year, cloning humans will be possible. When I think about that it bothers me. Its not an easy thing to accept. The strange thing is, usually, when there is a technological breakthrough people are interested in what the product can do and they accept the new idea and the new thinking that has come up. However with cloning, I do not think people are handling it the way they handled other things when they were first invented. All these new computer developments are accepted by people because they help us do our work more efficiently or they make tasks easier for us to do. But I do not sense this same thing with this issue. I do not think people are accepting it as well as they have accepted past developments. The reason for this is that the issue here is different for us. It deals with something new, something that you read about in books and see in movies. When people saw Jurassic Park and the idea of cloning dinosaurs from DNA found in mosquitoes, I do not think that many were thinking about the possibility of cloning humans just a few years later. I personally did not think it would come at least for another 10 years. Many scientists are skeptical about the issue though and they do not seem to believe that these human clones could happen. These scientists have also considered the health factors of cloning humans. Cloning humans could lead to the birth of abnormal children. One of the problems with cloning people is that when scientists are cloning a human, they are picking up all the different things that that person has been subject to. The persons cells would have been exposed to chemicals and bacteria and environmental radiation. All of these things could affect the clone and affect the process. Another problem would be that it would be very unpredictable as for how the clone would come out. We would not know about the mutations that it could have gone through and even then, I am sure there would be a hundred other things that would make us think twice. One scientist said that trying to clone an adult person would be playing genetic Russian roulette. I agree with this statement. What could cloning do? History has also shown us that we humans do not handle things like this well. Anything that gives us the ability to create and associate power has not worked out well for us. Take nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons enabled us to enter the next level of warfare. But what else did they do? We completely destroyed two Japanese cities and they also led to the beginning of the Cold War. They created feelings of jealousy and greed and everyone wanted to learn about them and the power that they had. Now if cloning humans became possible, then many, many more of these problems would be created. The notion of power would be redefined and knowledge of cloning and any advances in it would spread quickly. I think that if they put some limit on cloning like if it was only used for scientific purposes, then it would not be that bad. I can see how one can say that cloning humans is really great. It shows how far humans have come that they can clone themselves. It could also prove to be an effective tool in different ways. I think that right now, at this state, cloning is something that we really do not need. In the past we have shown that we do not handle things like this very well and the cloning of

Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macbeth - Essay Example When considering all of this, Hamlet’s contemplation and indecisiveness certainly seem justified. We are forced to think about death and the afterlife by the play. The actions of the play are forced by the death of Hamlet’s father and the ghost’s appearance, and Hamlet contemplates death and suicide throughout the play. Death plays a large part in the theme of uncertainty throughout the play. We have no idea what happens after we die, and so we can no idea as to what happens afterwards. Because we do not know what will happen, we do can not know if we are making the correct decision in regards to questions of suicide. Hamlet ponders this very question in his most famous soliloquy, â€Å"To be or not to be† (III.i.56-86). He comes to the conclusion that people would only deal with the pain and suffering of life precisely because the there is so much uncertainty in everything dealing with the afterlife. The ghost’s existence is another factor to consider when thinking about the afterlife. The ghost’s existence seems to confirm the existence of an afterlife in the world of the play, but it does not state what kid of afterlife actually exists. The ghost has apparently come to seek out vengeance for wrong doings from his life, but we have to consider that it might merely be an evil spirit that is just trying to create trouble. There are many cues throughout the play to suggest as much. Because we cannot know the nature of the afterlife until we are actually dead, we cannot know for certain what the intentions and goals of the ghost really were. The ghost simply adds to he uncertainties. Hamlet is certainly left with more of his fair share of questions to ask himself: â€Å"Was I deceived by the ghost? How am I to do the deed? When? Where? What will be the consequences of attempting it—success, my death, utter misunderstanding, mere mischief

Necessity of Supply Chain Management Research Paper

Necessity of Supply Chain Management - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that in a round of the activities involved, supply chain management deals with the purchasing and storage of the various raw materials that are necessary for production of the product, the inventory involved within the manufacturing stage (creation of the product) and the handling of the final product up to its point of consumption. It ensures that no snag in terms of the materials involved in any of these stages is come across acting as a hindrance to the provision of the final product to the consumer. The necessity for supply chain management can be seen through the various responsibilities that are seen in this activity. Business has grown and developed over the years and has expanded from the simple buying and selling into a series of activities and responsibilities required to ascertain  the smooth operations of such a setup. One of these responsibilities is supply chain management, and this aspect of the business has become an integral frac tion of the business activities that take place in a company. Supply chain management can be termed as the running of all businesses that happen to be interconnected with one another in relation to their involvement in the provision of a product or a service that is required in the creation of the final end product that is required by a consumer. This means that it deals with all the various parties that are involved in the different steps that are needed in the production of a good or a service so as to ensure that everything goes smoothly.